This paper, co-authored by Jennifer Dodge, is published in the Nonprofit Management & Leadership Journal at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/nml.70006

This article reviews the literature on third-sector organizations (TSOs) and the environment in four key field specific journals. It aims to advance nonprofit management scholarship and practice focused on organizations as key actors in responding to the environmental crisis. Using open systems theory as a heuristic, we organize our findings into inputs, throughputs, and outcomes, and include a section on transitioning political and third-sector contexts. We find that the literature addresses certain organizational inputs, throughputs, outcomes, and contexts consistent with the nonprofit literature generally but addresses the environmental crisis in limited ways and lacks a coordinated agenda that links these topics to provide a picture of how TSOs might effectively respond to the environmental crisis. We conclude by charting a course for future research flanked by three priorities: (1) foregrounding the role of TSOs in the environmental crisis, (2) increasing attention to the most critical environmental issues, and 3) modeling linkages across inputs, throughputs, and outcomes in addressing the environmental crisis.